Perform a close reading of any passage or short chapter Free Essays

The Grapes of Wrath, looking at its utilization of topic, setting, tone, non-literal language, references, and so forth. By Angela-Stanton The Grapes of Wrath not just scrutinizes the financial issues incited by private enterprise, however advocates (moral mental fortitude) as the response to clashes and threats. In Chapter 29, Steinbeck underlines that despite the fact that nature’s all-powerful intensity of decimation Is outside human ability to control, moral fearlessness can support expectation and confidence throughout everyday life. We will compose a custom exposition test on Play out a nearby perusing of any entry or short section or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now This topic is effectively accomplished in this short yet critical intercalary heaper through the powerful utilization of allegorical language and phrasing, prompting the important closure in Chapter 30 where Rose of Sharon benevolently nurses the withering man. The portrayal paints a Blvd setting of the down and out land. The mists, wind and downpour are exemplified as the dangerous powers of nature. The dark mists are march[long] In from the ocean’. The forceful action word ‘march’ presents the military idea of the mists, hinting how this solid armed force overwhelms people and land. Negating sound-related pictures portray the breeze that ‘swished in the bush’ and ‘roared in the forests’. The sound-related action word ‘swished’ delineates the quick, subtle activity of the breeze as It passes the shrub; though the differentiating sound-related action word ‘roared’ reminds us the breeze violently affects the land. The verb modifiers ‘fiercely and silently’ are ironic expression portraying how the breeze overpowers people fiercely without declaring its appearance. Downpour is additionally represented as it Whipped the sparkling water and Whipped up the surfaces [of the fields]’. The dreary utilization of the persistent action word Whipped’ represents the rain’s physical power and depicts it as an incredible tormentor of land and people. The activity of the downpour and Its Impact on the land are underlined by the equal structure the streams and the little waterways edged up to the bank sides’, worked at willows and tree roots’, ‘bent the willows somewhere down in the current’ ‘cut out the underlying foundations of cottonwood’ and ‘brought down the trees. This equal structure comprises of expressions beginning with an amazing action word that delivers wretchedness on a ‘victim’, accentuating the inescapable Impact of the persistent downpour. Embodiment is stretched out to the depiction of the land. At first, the earth is ‘drink[inning] the rain’ when th e downpour just comprises of ‘small drops and a consistent beat’. This embodiment portrays the rain’s fundamental job as a feeding supplier forever. At that point, the downpour heightens and the earth ‘[whisper] under the beat of the rain’ and the streams ‘[thunder] under the stirring freshets’. This equal structure Juxtaposes the earth and the streams utilizing differentiating sound-related action words, showing the earth as a thunder[inning]’ streams. The earth’s changing response to the increasing precipitation from drinking to murmuring suggests the rain’s instability ruling over the powerlessness of the land. This intimation stretches out to nature when all is said in done, inferring that nature is valuable which controls the prosperity of people and land. The portrayal likewise investigates the seriousness of the rain’s sway on the transient specialists. The water ‘[fouls] the start wires’ and ‘[fouls] the carburetors’ of the vehicles. This equal structure stresses the broad decimation with the utilization of dynamic voice setting Water’ as the subject, proposing that notwithstanding their degree of innovation and utility, the vehicles are definitely crushed. In spite of the fact that the transients need to escape from this antagonistic condition, their vehicles Wouldn’t start on the grounds that the wires were shorted’ ND ‘if the motors would run, profound mud overwhelmed the wheels’. The utilization of the ‘if’ contingent structure demonstrates that there is no useful answer for battle the flood. Every one of these subtleties in the portrayal set up the people’s desperate circumstance since their final retreat, that is movement, is decimated by the downpour. The story point of view shifts starting with one unfavorable difficulty then onto the next, making an overall feeling of certainty to escape from the debacle. The vagrant laborers ‘splashed out through the water’ to towns, nation stores and alleviation workplaces to look for help and safe house. The action word ‘splashed’ depicts the workers’ urgent endeavor to endure which is additionally escalated Their enduring is additionally heightened by the equal by the structure to call attention to how they ‘beg for bread’, ‘beg for decaying vegetables’ and ‘steal when they [can]’. The way that they are asking for these essential arrangements uncovers their urgent endeavors at endurance shows the certainty of their destiny. At that point, the portrayal centers around the particular individuals’ response towards the flood. In the Wet feed of spilling barns’, babies are destined to Women who [pant] with pneumonia’. This circumstance is a differentiation to the cheerful desires for new life. Rather, these children are destined to extreme torment, ailment and passing. In the interim, elderly individuals ‘[curl] up in the corners and [die] that way. This representative demonstration underscores their requirement for relief and security, relapsing to their fetal situation before death. The way that the fiasco has influenced the two phases of life mirrors the extent of hopelessness, exasperating the discouraged tone which wins the portrayal. This tone is emphasizd through the redundant utilization of the combination ‘And’. This control is purposeful, passing on that challenges are collecting and the two people and land can't escape from this calamity. The biggest dread in the midst of the disaster is the absence of work. This worry is highlighted by the two abrupt, uneven sections ‘No work till spring. No work/And if no work†no cash, no food. ‘ These are miserable grievances of the transient laborers. The unexpectedness, alongside the redundancy of ‘no work, features the workers’ critical money related circumstance. Since their expectation for work is broken, they are too weak to even think about sustaining their battle for endurance. This dread is strengthened by the utilization of impacts, ‘no cash, no food’. The delay appears to suggest the hesitance of the laborers to recognize the outcomes of joblessness. There is a difference in tone when the migrants’ dread transforms into fierceness. The defining moment is presented by the short sentence ‘Theme’s horses†we’re men. ‘ This harsh remark shows the men’s acknowledgment of their evil treatment and uselessness when contrasted with the ponies. Acknowledging such a foul play, they ‘[gather] together’ and ‘anger [takes] its place’ rather than dread. The social affair enables them to battle antagonistic vibe effectively as opposed to enduring defenselessly. This solidarity reflects Steinbeck ordinary belief system that men can create amazing force all things considered in fraternity. It will in general supporter that ethical fortitude is the response to clashes and threats. The difference in tone is generally unmistakable toward the finish of the part when expectation and help is passed on through the shade of ‘pale green’ in the ‘hills’ and little purposes of grass’ in the ‘beginning of the year’. This unexpected difference in shading from dim to green makes a cheerful resurrection, proposing that between the condition of sadness and cheerfulness, the main powers that can support people through all difficulties is good mental fortitude. This defining moment revives readers’ confidence throughout everyday life and is essential to their comprehension of the last message passed on in Chapter 30 through Rose of Sharon. By and large, section 29 depicts the misfortune of nature and underscores the contention among nature and men. Along with the cheerful, representative consummation, it draws out the topic that despite the fact that nature is supreme, it very well may be neutralized by moral mental fortitude. On the off chance that people stay individualistic, they become frail. In any case, if people are bound together, they can profit by the common help and holding of fellowship, which is the main thrust that decorates and succeeds humankind. The most effective method to refer to Perform a nearby perusing of any section or short part, Papers

Ancient Greek Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflections of Observing a Board Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Reflections of Observing a Board. Answer: Occurrence report and impressions of watching a Board Portrayal of the occurrence I put myself in the situation of a board part where I am at risk to select work force for my association. I realize that choosing opportune individuals for the association is the fundamental procedure. In this procedure, we not just need to survey the training characteristics of the competitors yet in addition we need to assess their social foundation and what sort of individuals they really are. I accept that a decent enrollment process plays its criticalness by decreasing the time engaged with looking, meeting and recruiting the up-and-comers. Oliveira (2007) additionally expressed that in an enlistment procedure, thousands and many applicants typically go after specific job, in any case; the board individuals need to basically assess the capacity and capability of the individual. The issue for the enrollment board individuals additionally increments when there the position is empty for some administration assignment and just a couple of individual will be chosen. I have additional ly confronted a similar issue as we need to choose an administrative individual for IT division. Our association is intending to extend for all intents and purposes through online nearness separated from the physical nearness. The most significant choice that we have taken before is that we will fuse an in-house IT office as opposed to employing some outsider specialist organization. Subsequently, we have wanted to fabricate a whole group however our primary center is to choose the IT director, who can likewise assist us with building the whole IT group for keeping up all the data the board procedure. I have set some short-posting measures for choosing a chief for IT division and this s that we initially need to survey and audit the applications autonomously and coordinate the quality and capacity of the individual to meet the prerequisites of every determination basis. All the board individuals apportion a temporary score to every contender for each rule independently. We additionally survey the social and customary foundation of the up-and-comer so the social idea of the individual can be assessed. I have taken a choice to talk about every application alongside the score that they have allotted. All the board individuals have along these lines; present their view on choosing or dismissing the contender for the concerned assignment. The most significant thing that I have learned is that each assessor has diverse view to choose a competitor and every viewpoint has an admirable sentiment. Taken for example, one of the board part wants to choose a competitor who have more down to ea rth experience instead of incredible instructive capability; while, other assessor like to pick an applicant, who has increasingly creative thought that can give the association an upper hand. In this viewpoint, I have recommended to take a circumstance trial of the applicants so their capacity can be decided to make speedy move in the hour of crisis or a circumstance when the subordinate need the people bearing. Scores are additionally given to every applicant dependent on their presentation and the last scores are then recorded in the determination matrix. In addition, the choices in regards to the determination of the application are made through democratic and to the applicants most where greatest votes have acquired is chosen for the situation of IT supervisor. Hypothesis bolsters the episode I have chosen the possibility hypothesis to help my choice. Kacprzyk and Fedrizzi (2012) expressed that this hypothesis shows that disregarding the association of the hazard, individuals pick between probabilistic other options. Individuals likewise settle on choice dependent on the potential estimation of misfortunes and increases. I accept that individuals pick such option as they probably am aware the conceivable result of the particular procedure. I have additionally picked the choice to actualize the recommendation for situational appraisal of the applicants dependent on the advantages that the association will get. I imagine that hypothetical information is significant as they give us elective thoughts and an orderly method to tackle an issue. Besides, the situational appraisal additionally gives the advantage of assessing the constant dynamic capacity of the chose applicant likewise that how well the individual guide or direct their subordinate and achieves the ideal objective and target of the association. As indicated by this model, altering is the underlying stage that reduces some confining impacts (Glimcher and Fehr 2013). Zimmermann (2012) additionally delineates that in this stage, all the individuals are viewed as individual as opposed to a gathering. In this unique situation, I can say that I have considered all the individuals separately and survey their exhibition by coordinating with each rule. This will permit the association to choose powerful possibility for their association. I have likewise thought about democratic greater part and embrace all the observation proposed by various individuals independently. I would thus be able to state that I have chosen a choice that has more noteworthy advantages than impediment. My choice is can likewise be considered under the depiction of social moral model of dynamic. This model is created in 1999 and isn't a lot of research researcher examined morals and culture as a piece of the dynamic models. In any case, I accepted that there individuals can likewise be assessed through their social nature and their working and thinking capacity is additionally impacted by the applicants environmental factors. Consequently, I consider making decisions dependent on the way of life and social custom that an individual follow is a piece of the dynamic procedure. Passage and Richardson (2013) characterize that social moral model involves four basic perspectives needs and desires for the associations individuals, needs and desires for the imminent part, needs and desires for the forthcoming partners lastly the requests and prospect of clients (Gal et al. 2013). For this situation, I additionally think about the limit and key situation of the organization and the moral ram ifications of these decisions. I have proposed the way toward consolidating the situational evaluation as a piece of the chief choice as few out of every odd individual mirrors their capacity in words referenced in their educational plan vitae. Additionally, the association is starting the data innovation (IT) division first time and in this manner, the capacity of the individual must be surveyed cautiously. I feel that along these lines, each individual can show their exhibition for getting chose for the concerned assignment. Future proposals I have come to discover that moral difficulty can happen while considering society and morals in dynamic. Heugh (2012) expressed that the predicaments can be trouble in determining which morals can be thought of, regardless of whether each ethic ought to be considered from a solitary point of view, regardless of whether the proof got from society approves the people circumstance. I want to take lion's share discernment with the goal that every individual can survey the cases from their viewpoint and a competitor can get an impartial choice for getting chose for the position. I likewise need to create choice basis firmly lined up with the hierarchical strategies so the area procedure of the competitors can be happened viably. I additionally need to assess the hierarchical approaches cautiously and incorporate other board individuals to examine about the upsides and downsides of the chose standards. Nonetheless, now and again, some exceptional cases ought to be viewed as that can be ta ken care of by the board individuals. Diary notes and exhortation to future understudies Passage from your Learning Journal The source that I have considered is about school affirmations in a rumored college. The board individuals here evaluate each and every detail that will be surveyed for choosing the understudy as their future understudies. There are 8,000 candidates presented their structure for getting affirmation which is isolated into 30+ land areas by the overseeing specialists. Additionally, two specialists are dispensed for surveying the application from a solitary area. These assessors assess the instructive capabilities just as the educational program activi0ties alongside the intrigued exercises. These assessors esteems the involvement with the curricular exercises as they accept that an understudies need to adjust both the examinations and pastimes similarly for a powerful way of life. All these determination rules are assessed and eventually out of 8000 up-and-comers, just 1,000 competitors are shortlisted who are qualified for taking affirmation in the school. Some data sheet of the compe titors includes issue that they have face and had impact in their evaluations and conduct. The leader of the board request greater part that what number of them really concur on the circumstance and the trouble that the understudy confronted. I would consider this viewpoint as a moral dynamic as they are passing judgment on the whole procedure by assessing all the part of instructive capability, exercises and social condition. In one case, an understudy had referenced their destitution and family circumstance. Nonetheless, when the evaluations are thought about, it shows a more noteworthy insight level and the board individuals thought about this reality as the positive factor for the understudy. Along these lines, it very well may be said that there is a critical job of the minstrel in regulating the ability improvement. I have seen that the main worry that any panel attempts is the board organization. The asset additionally represents that the whole customers work and partners movement are firmly assessed so as to choosing a successful board panel. The effect of their work and the recognition they groups is additionally evaluate and afterward individuals are chosen among the partners. Another significant things that the source have featured is that the human asset supervisor ought to be a piece of the senior administration so that not just the individual consider the hierarchical destinations viably yet in addition select individuals who can possibly satisfy

Running Head Quattroporte Inc Foreign Based

Running Head Quattroporte Inc Foreign Based As administrators with the Canadian-based programming organization, Quattroporte Inc, we were accused of distinguishing the most reasonable area for opening a remote based auxiliary to process deals outside of North America. Offshoring will help amplify benefits for our association which is in a time of hyper development. As a feature of this investigation our group will be taking a gander at the locales of Ireland, Gibraltar and the Isle of Man. To break down the reasonableness of the previously mentioned wards we will examine issues of globalization, duty and non-levy exchange boundaries, exchange guidelines, provincial exchanging courses of action, universal factor developments and multinationals, remote trade and hazard procedures, worldwide/local financial elements, proficient administrations support, charges, capital stream/repatriation of benefits, IP rights, political and strategy bearing, and nation chance/opportunity. Determination models will be clarified and weighed for e very locale. Consequences of this investigation will yield data which will advise administrative dynamic in setting up our remote based auxiliary. IRELAND Foundation After some time, Ireland has become a noteworthy seaward ward. An undeniable individual from the European people group, it has figured out how to pull in noteworthy universal business responsibilities through its appealing tax assessment decreases. Misleading the West of Great Britain, having picked up autonomy from the last in 1922, this English talking nation of 3.5 million (1.2 million live in Dublin) is represented by an equitably chosen parliamentary government. Populace 4.7 million Work power 2.1 million Joblessness rate 14.6% Open obligation 118% of GDP. Correspondence Ireland has an advanced computerized framework utilizing link and microwave radio hand-off. Transportation Ireland profits by a broad system of air terminals (16), railroads (3,237 km), roadways (96,036 km), conduits (956 km), and a trader marine (31). Government Ireland is a republic and has a parliamentary arrangement of government. The head of state is the chosen President of Ireland who serves for a 7-year term. Ireland additionally has a leader (called the Taoiseach) who is designated by the House of Representatives (called Dã ¡il Éireann) and afterward selected by the president. Other than the lower house, the House of Representatives, there is additionally an upper house, the Senate (or Seanad Éireann). Ireland is an individual from the European Union and one of the first 11 nations to embrace the euro as its money in 1999â [1]â . Ireland is politically steady and their legislature is well en route to diminish arranged decreases of local officials. Economy Since 2008, Ireland has experienced a huge obligation loaded bust after the Celtic Tiger blast which had been predicated on obligation and an unreasonable lodging bubble. In spite of the fact that they encountered a huge drop in monetary action following the 2008 money related emergency, the Irish government has put forth huge attempts to redress the circumstance. This has incorporated the foundation of a National Asset Management Agency (NAMA) in 2009 and no matter how you look at it cuts in spendingâ [2]â . Half of the best 50 banks and 20 insurance agencies are facilitated in Ireland. In 2008 the International Financial Services Center (IFSC) speculations were proportional to multiple times Irelands GNP. The Irish Stock Exchange has about a fourth of global bonds. Tax collection Since October 1999, every single Irish organization are at risk to Irish company charge (paying little mind to where they are controlled or proprietors nation of residency), they are no longer tax-exempt substances and should consequently make good on Irish enterprise charge, register with Internal Revenue Commissioners, and record yearly assessment forms. They have additionally settled a broad system of duty bargains which incorporate the arrangement of trade of data. This makes it imperative to guarantee that administration is based some place financially nonpartisan. The accompanying three head components make Ireland stand apart as an expense havenâ [3]â : Corporate Taxation in Ireland is set at 12.5% on benefits for all exchanging organizations (non-exchanging pay is charged at 25%). A 25% corporate assessment rate identifies with automated revenue while capital increases charge is 30%. Close nonappearance of move valuing rules (wellspring of escape clauses in global assessment) lets multinationals falsely move their benefits from Ireland, for the most part by means of move evaluating components, to bring down expense or zero-charge wards. Accordingly, huge segments of multinationals benefits are shielded from Irish expense. Participation in the European Union awards Ireland political solidness and uncommon access to European markets, enrollment has likewise kept it assessment safe house boycotts (for example Caymen Islands and Bermuda), and numerous nations that would apply retaining charge on intrigue paid to customary expense sanctuaries don't have any significant bearing them to Ireland since its delegated inland. Associations with International Bodies By and large, Irelands place inside the European Union, feeble principles on move estimating, and wide system of duty bargains make it especially alluring for offshoring. For example, as indicated by an ongoing report, 60% of organizations pay no to basically no partnership charge. Successful duty rates were evaluated at 7.3% in Ireland contrasted and 37% in France and 26% in Canadaâ [4]â . This has brought about other European nations crying treachery and furthermore activated homeless person thy-neighbor approaches. They despite everything have a lot of work to improve budgetary transparence. Licensed innovation Protection Ireland positions seventh on the Global Intellectual Property Index (GIPI) [5] . Ireland is a custom-based law purview with an autonomous and effective court framework, a wide scope of legitimate assurances for the makers/proprietors of Intellectual Property Rights and the chance of acquiring liberal state award help with innovative work ventures. Isle of Man Foundation The Isle of Man is an inside self-overseeing reliance of the British Crown and the individuals are British residents. It isn't officially part of the United Kingdom yet is inside the British Isles. The Isle of Man has its own money the Isle of Man pound (Manx) that runs at standard with the UK pound. Douglas is the Capital city and the biggest town and the whole island is little at 570 sq. miles. The essential language for business is English. The joblessness rate is low at 2.6% and the way of life is high with a future of 80.76 years and has an extremely low crime percentage. Populace 85,421 Work power 41,790 Joblessness rate 2% Open obligation Nil. Correspondence The Island is known to have a world-class media communications framework and offers a full scope of administrations including voice and information interchanges. Transportation The Isle of Man is extremely little and has in this manner next to no transportation framework. It has one air terminal, a little railroad (63 km), roadways (500 km), and a sizable shipper marine (98). Albeit 321 boats are enlisted in the Isle of Man, 223 of these are remote claimed. Government The leader of the Isle of Man Government is the Lieutenant Governor. The official head is the Chief Minister. The capital contains both the administration workplaces and the parliament chambers. (Tynwald). The Isle of Man is professed to be the most established consistently working government on the planet. It is a reliance of the Crown so can set its very own significant number laws aside from on issues of protection, outside issues and consular administrations. Isle of Man contributes monetarily to the UK for these administrations and insurance. Economy The Isle of Man has an extremely noteworthy reputation with respect to its financial achievement. The Isle of Man has been an astounding monetary story in the previous three decades and has profited by 28 years of persistent financial development as cited from an Ernst and Young Report, Isle of Man: Economic Report dated May, 2012. The GDP of  £3.2 Billion ($4.9bn US) is exceptionally high for a populace of just around 85,000 peopleâ [6]â . The Isle of Man likewise appreciates full and free access of Industrial and Agricultural merchandise development with the European Union under Protocol 3 of the Treaty of Succession. Isle of Man has been fruitful in expanding its monetary base away from Agricultural to increasingly various choice including budgetary administrations, aviation and data correspondence innovation (ICT). Tax assessment The Isle of Man sets its own assessments freely of the United Kingdom. The Isle of Man has no different corporate, bequest or legacy or blessing charges. Personal assessment is imposed at moderately low rates and VAT (Value included duty) is applied in a fundamentally the same as way as the UK. Organizations are dependent upon personal assessment and not a different corporate duty. Personal assessment is frequently zero except if they are occupied with gaining benefits from Isle of Man land for example rental pay or property advancement or from banking then the pace of assessment is 10%. Inhabitants of the Island settle up to 20% of their absolute pay to a limit of 120,000 in charge which has demonstrated alluring for the affluent. Capital increases charge is zeroâ [7]â . Since many view the Isle of Man as a duty paradise there are sure dangers with this area. For instance the Subsidy towards VAT has been expelled by the UK to the Island in the measure of  £200 million yearly which bigly affects their capacity to keep charges at zero. Likewise, there can be a negative meaning from working out of a territory that is known to be an expense paradise. Associations with International Bodies The Isle of Man got perceived as a feature of the WTO under the United Kingdoms approval understanding in 1997. Likewise OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) perceives the Isle of Man as a part under the United Kingdom. Different bodies, for example, FATF, FSF and the IMF all have the Isle of Man on favorable terms with elevated levels of controls and assurances set up. IMF had done a deta

Clinical Decision Making Promoting Health in Extended Care

Question: Examine about the Clinical Decision Making for Promoting Health in Extended Care. Answer: Presentation: Clinical thinking can be on the other hand called as clinical end, inconvenience shooting, dynamic and basic reasoning. Clinical thinking is a perspective of clinicians and attendants in the administration of patients. In clinical thinking two significant focuses to be considered are clinical end to recognize precise issue of the patient and clinical dynamic to give fitting treatment to the patient. For this situation utilization of clinical thinking by the medical caretakers in two need territories like effect on ADL execution and expanded fall and injury chance in Johann Silvermann are talked about (Thompson and Dowding, 2002; Elstein and Bordage 1991; Levett-Jones et al., 2010). Effect on ADL execution: First consideration need distinguished was potential effect on ADL execution. Johann Silvermann has tremors in hands. This prompts the aggravation in performing everyday exercises like cooking, tea making, doing catches of shirt and shoe bands. This is normal in older patients and besides is endured with Parkinson's illness which is additionally liable for the tremors. In this circumstance there are both the potential outcomes like negative and positive utilitarian results. In negative, he can get influenced mentally because of failure to accomplish work and on positive side, he can get resolved to play out the assignments with all chances (Kozak-Campbell and Hughes, 1996). In this situation activity taken by the deliberate mediation by the medical attendant can help Johann to support truly and mentally to improve his presentation (Tanner, 2006; Dalton et al., 2015; Levett-Jones et al., 2010; Levett-Jones et al., 2010). Medical attendant should remember that Johann is remaining alone and also, he isn't eager to remain with his sibling. He isn't monetarily solid to save an aide for his assistance for day by day exercises. Medical caretaker should think about Johanns infection and routine exercises. This data ought to be gathered from the perception and conversation with him. Attendant should realize what are the troubles and since to what extent he is confronting challenges in doing day by day exercises. Medical attendant likewise should think about, the way he wishs to have help with doing his every day exercises. With the goal that he should feel increasingly good during nursing care. While helping him in his every day exercises medical attendant shoul d ensure that he ought not feel totally reliant on the medical attendant, in any case there is simply the likelihood that it can hurt his dignity. From the gathered data medical caretaker ought to decipher sort of day by day exercises in which he need support, most significant movement for him, successions of exercises he required, is there some other better approach to play out his exercises, what improvement would be there in his prior exercises and arranged exercises, regardless of whether it would truly give bit of leeway, alleviation and fulfillment to him by helping him in his day by day exercises. Attendant ought to examine this arrangement with Johann and comprehend his view on this arrangement. This conversation would assist with making finishes of precise necessity of the Johann in his day by day exercises and probability to revise and improve the arrangement concurring his solace without influencing his nobility. Attendant should set some complete objective for Johann for his ADL execution (Brnnstrm et al., 1991; Carpenter et al., 2006; Ciro, 2014). This objective ought to be for making him agreeable in every day exercises by genuinely helping him, giving him moral lift to perform exercises, with the goal that he can construct his self-assurance and time plan ought to be set in stepwise way like there ought to be his fulfillment, solace and improvement in hardly any exercises in first week and others in month. Help was given to Johann regarding move inside his home, dressing, eating, can utilize, and individual cleanliness (Morris et al., 1999). These exercises were isolated into autonomous eating, management move inside the home eating, constrained help individual cleanliness and broad help latrine use and dressing. These exercises were assessed after set time focuses like multi week and month. If there should be an occurrence of move inside the home and eating there was improvement in the one month when contrasted with the principal week. Toward t he month's end, Johann didnt required oversight as attendant got certainty that he can move inside the home and eat without help with no distress. There was additionally improvement in the constrained help undertaking of individual cleanliness. In first week, Johann required little help for brushing tooth and washing. Notwithstanding, toward the month's end, he had the option to it under management without help. Broad help assignments, for example, latrine use and dressing didnt showed improvement in toward the finish of one month (Charles et al., 2007). I was excited and eager to help Johann in his day by day exercises. I discovered that administration of patient as far as non-medication the board is more testing than the executives of patients with medication the board. I got that, in the administration of patient with non-medication the executives like to aid ADL isn't totally reading material and scholastic ward, anyway it was progressively identified with understanding and understanding abilities about others conditions and issues. For this situation, I got more certainty about my capacity of taking care of non-medication the board of the patient. Fall and injury hazard: Second consideration need recognized was expanded fall and injury chance. Johann Silvermann is 77 years of age having Parkinson's ailment and he is remaining alone in his two-story home. Elderly folks individuals are progressively inclined to fall because of their physical and mental conditions. Johann needs to play out the entirety of his exercises all alone and as of late he isn't happy of accomplishing routine work too. Additionally, as he is remaining in two-story home there is the chance of fall. Fall and injury of Johann can have both negative and positive effects. Regarding negative effects because of the fall, he can have genuine wounds and as he is remaining alone, there is probability that his fall stays unnoticed and appropriate administration of wounds is beyond the realm of imagination in time. Then again, fall can have positive effect too. Johann can gain from the fall and he can be progressively mindful so as to forestall the fall (Kozak-Campbell and Hughes, 1996). Nursing the executives can be the best decision for the administration of fall and injury of Johann (Tanner, 2006; Dalton et al., 2015; Levett-Jones et al., 2010; Levett-Jones et al., 2010). Medical attendant ought to comprehend that Johann is old, remaining alone and he is experiencing issues in accomplishing his standard work. To find out about the fall state of the Johann, attendant should gather data from him about his fall, she ought to experience all his past reports to discover data about fall, and medical attendant should check past prescriptions for fall. In the wake of gathering the data, medical attendant ought to decipher his condition and comprehends the purposes behind his fall. Medical attendant ought to stay away from unimportant data like fall because of the performing task past the abilities. Medical caretaker ought to relate fall during ordinary assignment and fall during performing task past the abilities. Medical caretaker ought to assess fall danger of Johann th rough shingle leg position test and coordinated up and (TUG) test (Whitney et al., 2005; Deandrea et al., 2010; Phelan et al., 2015). Medical attendant should make inductions from the present circumstance and the past proof that fall during the typical undertaking or day by day exercises is a significant issue in the event of Johann. Medical attendant should set objectives of one month to forestall fall of Johann. Attendant should get ready for work out, organization of high portion of nutrient, withdrawal or decreased recurrence of drugs for Parkinson's illness and utilization of body defenders. Medical attendant ought to relegate practice for Johann day by day for 15 minutes to keep up equalization of the body. Medical caretaker should begin controlling high portion of nutrient D for one month. Recurrence of organization of drugs for Parkinson's ailment to the Johann ought to be diminished for one month. Johann ought to be given body defenders like hip, elbow defenders while doing day by day exercises and at the hour of latrine use. After the finish of each undertaking, medical attendant ought to assess the result. In the event of activity, subsequent to starting activity fall recurrence was assessed following multi week and it was seen that there was no fall inside this week. During the organization of nutrient D for the time of one month, there were two falls happened in the initial 15 days, anyway there was no fall in the following 15 days of nutrient D organization. In the event of withdrawal of prescriptions of Parkinson's illness additionally three falls occur in the initial 15 days of medication withdrawal and in next 15 days there was no fall. After the body defender use, there was no injury watched for Johann in one month time frame (Hill et al., 2008; Bell et al., 2012). For this situation of fall and injury the board of Johann, I figured out how to oversee both medication and non-medication the executives of the patient in same case. I comprehended that offering certainty to the patient is essential to see improvement in his condition. End: Clinical thinking was applied in the two need regions like effect on ADL execution and expanded fall and injury chance in Johann Silvermann . While applying clinical thinking, nurture made clinical end by from data assembled, confirmations accessible, settled on choices dependent on sense and example acknowledgment. Medical attendant applied balanced system by gathering prompts, preparing the data, settling on choice, arranging and executing the administration technique, assessing the outcome and thinking about the learning procedure. It has been seen that use of Millers practical results hypothesis structure and Levett-Jones clinical thinking demonstrated effective in dealing with the state of the patient. References: Chime, J.S., Blacker, N., Edwards,

How to Tell If Your Spouse Is Lying

How to Tell If Your Spouse Is Lying Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print How to Tell If Your Spouse Is Lying By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on January 26, 2020 Blend Images - Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Wray Herbert wrote in the article,  How to Catch a Liar: The Cognitive Clues to Deceit, Most of us can spot barely more than half of all lies and truths through listening and observation.?? Spotting a liar  isnt easy. Your own  suspicions  can get in the way of getting to the truth. While some scientists reported  two ways  to spot a liar???, British researchers determined  that eye movement is not a good predictor of lies.?? So, how do you  know  if or when your spouse is lying? It is widely believed that nearly everyone lies on a regular basis.?? A study by University of Virginia sociologist Bella DePaulo asserts that some lying is necessary for everyday life.?? Here are some reasons your spouse might lie, signs that you are being lied to, and what you can do about the lies and lying. Common Reasons People Lie To avoid conflictTo supposedly protect someones feelingsTo avoid the consequences of their behaviorTo postpone having to make changes in lifestyleTo hide something they did or did not doBecause they are afraid of rejection or losing their spouseTo be in control of a situationTo avoid being embarrassedTo make themselves look goodTo make themselves appear more successful, special, or talented than they really are Are You Mislabeling Behaviors? It is possible to mistake nervousness or distraction or lack of eye contact for lying? This may  result in misreading or mislabeling your spouses behaviors. Nonverbal clues to lying can be difficult to spot and vary from individual to individual.?? The bottom line is, if you think your spouse is lying, ask questions and ask for clarification if necessary. A 2008 study suggests asking for eye contact and then ask ing that the story be told in reverse.?? It is important for you to trust your own gut and intuition or that funny feeling you may have inside. Possible Signs of Lying Remember â€" most of these signs can be easily misread and misinterpreted!?? Touching chin, or rubbing their browsCrossed arms or legsPlaying with hairA line of perspiration on the brow if it isnt a warm daySaying no several timesContinual denying of accusationsBeing extremely defensiveProviding more information and specifics than is necessary or was asked forInconsistencies in what is being sharedBody language and facial expressions dont match what is being said such as saying no, but nodding head up and downSmugnessMay place a barrier such as a desk or a chair in front of selfUncommon calmnessUnwillingness to touch spouse during a conversationBeing hesitantSlouching postureRigidity or fidgetingDiffering behaviors such as  not acting in the usual wayUnnatural or limited arm and hand movementsPartial shrugLack of finger pointingUnusual voice fluctuations, word choice, sentence structureStalling the conversation by repetitive use of pauses and comments like um or you knowLack of use of contractions. Prefers emphasizing not when talkingUse of word fillers or ev asive answers when on the telephoneLack of many pronouns while talkingAvoidance of eye contact, eyes glancing to the right, staring past you, or turning away from you while  talking.   Do You Confront a Suspected Liar? Some experts say  that when you believe you are being lied to, you should not confront your spouse with your suspicions right away. They recommend waiting until you have discovered more information and facts. Other experts believe that the sooner the cards are all out on the table, and the sooner honesty is lived out once again in a marriage, the better.?? Only you know what is best for your marriage.   Purchase from Amazon: How to Spot,  Revised Edition: Why People Dont Tell the Truth...and How You Can Catch Them  by Gregory Harley Maryann Karinch   *Article Updated by  Marni Feuerman

The Six Rights of Medication Administration Sample Essay

The safety and security of a human’s life depend on following the six rights of medication administration. Every nurse should learn how to prepare and administer the medications no matter what kind of policy or what procedures he or she has to follow. These six rights are the right drug, dose, route, time, patient, and documentation. Knowing this info is essential for nursing practice as it influences the quality of life of the patients. The right drug is the one which label has been checked three times. One of the checks includes looking at the expiration date. What can this right influence if not followed? What can make a nurse forget about this right? Despite the fact that the answer to the first question is obvious, there are cases when the check is not performed. The most common reason for this is being exhausted. If the management of the hospital doesn’t stick to the laws that define a number of working hours, the safety of patients’ lives is questionable. The right dose can save someone’s life while the wrong one can lead even to death. What can make a nurse give the patient the wrong dose? A wrong prescription made by the doctor or the wrong interpretation of it will lead to taking an inadequate dosage of the drug. This happens when there’s a huge flow of patients in periods of epidemic. If this happens on a regular basis, the management of the hospital should conduct the investigation to find out the initial reason for this. The right time defines the efficiency of the drug that the patient takes. Each drug has some peculiarities that a nurse should keep in mind. There are two categories of drugs such as that are taking at a specific time of day or night and the ones that are taken on a call. The goal of the nurse is to set the notifications the way the process of providing the drugs to the patients could be efficient. The right patient is the right person whom the nurse should give the drug. If the nurse gives the drug to another person, the consequences of this action can be negative. The reason for doing this can be laziness of the personnel or the illusion of good relationships between the nurse and the patient. In the first case, the management of the hospital should take care of this. In the second case, the nurse should check the data using the MAR, the information band of the patient and ask the patient to say the name and the date of birth. The right documentation and route are the points that are mostly ignored by the nurses. This can lead to unexpected consequences in both cases. If the medicine is supposed to be taken through the injection, all the other ways are considered as wrong ones. A harmful impact causes inevitable results. The right documentation can prevent any further mistakes regarding prescribing and taking drugs in the future. Knowing and sticking to 6 rights of administration will lower the chance to make a medical error in any situation with any patient. These rights seem unimportant and sometimes they become annoying especially if there’s a big number of patients. The nurse can influence positively or negatively on the outcome of the disease, so ignoring the rights shouldn’t be treated as a normal common practice.

The Invention Of The Industrial Revolution - 1585 Words

The Industrial Revolution is a period where people went from an agricultural society to an industrial society, meaning since the refinement of the steam engine, the invention of the internal combustion engine, the harnessing of electricity and the construction of canals, railways and electric-power lines most jobs were in factories and all hand production methods were transited to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production. During the industrial Revolution women wanted to have rights, they wanted to be able to work and earn money just like men and after some of them did have the rights to work but not everyone were happy about that, especially men. The nineteenth century industrialization and urbanization had a lot of advantages for men but did it affect women’s status? Before World War I and World War II, women didn’t have many rights, during the war women gained the right to work in factories doing â€Å"men jobs† and after the war they got some o f the rights they were seeking like the right to vote and go to school. Before the Industrial Revolution, most jobs were hand labour jobs that required a lot of strength, so most women work domestic jobs or stayed home to look after the children. Women wanted to work â€Å"men jobs† but they wouldn’t be allowed because back then women weren’t allowed to do heavy lifting jobs and women were still fighting for their rights. The Women’s movement, a group of female and some male activists, gained strength in the early twentiethShow MoreRelatedInventions Of The Industrial Revolution958 Words   |  4 Pages The Industrial Revolution was an innovative period between the 1760s through the 1850s, making people go from a predominantly agricultural existence into a more urban lifestyle. Starting after year 1750, all the factors that, made Great Britain the best place for industrialization. The primary assessment that made it possible was the invention of machines that could do work that was previously done by hand. This allowed production to shift from inside homes into factories. During the industrialRead MoreThe Invention Of The Industrial Revolution975 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was based mainly upon the Cotton Industry , for most of the inventions created during that period were mainly for making and producing cotton. In the year 1773, there was a high demand for cotton cloth, but the production was low (mhirtostu.htm). This problem needed to be solved. The solution came from John Kay, a British weaver, who invented and fashioned the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. John Kay was also a pioneer, and his new invention paved the wayRead MoreThe Invention Of The Industrial Revolution912 Words   |  4 Pagesloom was invented in England in 1787 and inventions such as the power loom were the kickstart to the industrial revolution. Before, everything was made by hand in Europe. Every single article of clothing was hand woven with painstaking time consuming detail, by 1850 Britain was producing 200 times more textiles than they had been 100 years previously. More inventions followed and new technology was rapidly taking over. Life altering and wondrous new inventions and discoveries were around every cornerRead MoreThe Invention Of The Industrial Revolution1463 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 18th century. Prior to the 18th century and pre-industrial times, the way one sustained and obtained means for survival transformed fairly insufficiently. However, once the Industrial Revolution ignited throughout Europe, the course one’s of livelihood forever changed. While the Agricultural Revolution was a sufficient step forward in metamorphosing human society, it did not reign like the technological advantages of the industrial revolution. The introduction of mass production, steam enginesRead MoreThe Invention Of The Industrial Revolution2134 Words   |  9 Pagesredefine history. The Industrial Revolution was the great turning point in United States history. Never before in history had a period of growth been so great and so full of powerful sustaining change. As Nobel Prize Winner Robert E. Lucas, Jr. so aptly stated, For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth.... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior has happened before. The Industrial Revolution was time period fromRead MoreThe Invention Of The First Industrial Revolution1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe First Industrial Revolution Envision living in a society dominated by factories that just recently transformed from arable land and farms. Imagine constantly hearing about brand new inventions and ideas that were deemed impossible only a few years ago. Visualize working long hours in cramped factories, in exchange for low pay and contagious diseases. For some people that lived during the age of industrialization, this was their reality of life. During the 18th and 19th century, the world wasRead MoreThe Invention Of The Industrial Revolution1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution took place during the 18th and 19th centuries. During this time mankind made the switch from hand-made to machine-made production methods. The steam engine, later replaced by the internal combustion engine, made this possible. The power source of these machines is burning fossil fuels, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal. When fossil fuels are burnt, gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and halocarbons a re released. These are known as greenhouse gasesRead MoreThe Inventions During the Industrial Revolution879 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Science and Technology of the Industrial Revolution. My historical analysis will be about the inventions during the Industrial Revolution. The three I will be focusing on: The Water Frame, The Improved Steam Engine and the Sewing Machine. All three of those inventions all offer some sort of Problem, Progress and Promise to the Industrial Revolution. I will be analyzing those three things. One of the first inventions during the Industrial Revolution is the Water Frame. It was invented byRead MoreThe Invention Of The Industrial Revolution3915 Words   |  16 PagesThe Industrial Revolution completely changed the course of human events ever since the first machines were created. All the advancements in technology that have led us to today’s modern machines couldn’t of been possible without the initial events that sparked the very first mechanical devices. Behind these very first devices was a power source, fossil fuels, whether it was coal for trains or eventually gasoline for cars. These resources seemed to power the world into a completely new era, oneRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Sparked Invention1349 Words   |  6 Pages ASSIGNMENT 1: PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING Mebin Mathews University of Wolverhampton 1227861 Introduction The industrial revolution sparked invention. Individuals and companies found new ways to make our lives easier. Even though the innovations help our everyday lives, we need to think about our future generations and what we are leaving behind for them. It is estimated that by 2050 we will run out of most of the metal resources. Metals are an essential part of us our

Sleep Deprivation in Teens - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 596 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Sleep Deprivation Essay Did you like this example? You might be wondering what is sleep deprivation is. Sleep deprivation is basically not getting Enough sleep. So sleep deprivation is not a big problem for me, but for other people, it is a big problem. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sleep Deprivation in Teens" essay for you Create order Experts are calling it a National Health Crisis. So if experts are calling it National Health crisis, why are we not doing something about it? If we did something about it wouldnt it solve most of the problems in the school system? Am I the only one who thinks that. It also as a greater increase in anxiety in 9 out of 12 people. So if anxiety makes people panic, right? So if getting more sleep would make people panic less, which in turn would make it so teens would do better on a test. Which bring us to our next topic. America’s grades racking in the world. Firstly, without any sleep, you are at higher risk of getting many health problems. Such as high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. Sleep is important for overall health, and inadequate sleep is associated with numerous health problems. And is some rare cases death. How cannot getting effect sleep can cause death. Also can cause Hormonal imbalances, illnesses, hallucination, disorientation, moodiness. Who could have thought you not getting enough sleep could do all this. Sleep has a direct correlation with America’s grades racking in the world. Maybe that is why were so low in the ranking. If students like me could more sleep maybe we could do better on tests and other things. This is very Apparent and college students. People think its all your phones falt, but its also because of school. Staying up so we study for tests, is another reason for sleep deprivation. I mathematics Americas lowest Average out of all of Americas averages. The middle average of America is science. and the highest average in America is reading. Maybe if we gay kids must sleep, maybe more kids to get into Ivy League colleges like brown Harvard or Yale. So most teens must head to school before theyve gotten the 8.5 to 9.5 hours of sleep recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). So if research and Common sense tell you that sleep helps the grades why dont professionals and experts do something about it. I dont know why They dont do something about it they just dont. In 1965, 17-year-old high school student, Randy Garder stayed awake for 264 hours. That’s 11 days to see how he’d cope without sleep. On the of his test, his eyes stopped focusing. Next, he lost the ability to identify objects by touch. By day three, Gardner was moody and uncoordinated. At the end of the test, he was struggling to concentrate, had problems with his short-term memory, became paranoid, and started hallucinating. Although Gardner recovered without long-term psychological or physical damage, for other losing shuteye can result in hormonal imbalance, illness, in extreme cases, death. We’re only beginning to understand why we sleep, to begin with, but we do know it’s essential. Adults need seven to eight hours of sleep a night, and adolescents need about ten. We grow sleepy due to signals from our body telling our brain we are tired, and signals from the environment telling us it’s dark outside. The rise in sleep-inducing chemicals, like adenosine and melatonin, send us into a flight doze that grows deeper, making our breathing and heart rate slow down and our muscles relax. This non-REM sleep is when DNA repaired and our bodies replenish themselves for the day ahead.

Reliving the Columbine Shooting - 1764 Words

â€Å"BOOM† glass goes flying in the parking lot in every direction, at 11:19 AM the first bomb is detonated and is also heard within the halls of Columbine. The adrenaline in Dylan Klebold and Eric Harriss vein begins but so does the nightmare. Its April 20, 1999 an ordinary Tuesday morning at columbine high school. In about two weeks approximately 300 seniors will be graduating and perhaps attending college. For many students this means that they will be moving to a different chapter in their lives, and the beginning of a new life and life journey however for many students these goals wont be accomplished. On this particular Tuesday morning several students’ lives will unfortunately end in tragedy. Students today will head about their day as usual but two seniors, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris will be very vengeful and will not allow anything to get in their path. Their highly anticipated nightmare to which they refer to as a dream will come to a reality and end with the lives of 12 students and 1 teacher. How far will two bullied teenagers seeking for revenge go? Well just enough to end their own lives. As the first lunch period begins students rush in, the lunchroom will be seating about 500 students and also those who will decide to eat outside since columbine has open campus lunch. Many students will also head to different classrooms to get work done or study, such ideal place like the library, where most of the fatalities took place. While everyone is busy taking testsShow MoreRelatedMisconceptions of Media Violence Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes not always work, but have I killed or raped anyone? I understand that everyone takes it in differently, but it is a proven fact that teen aggression is usually derived from their peers. Look at the Columbine massacre, the suspect teens testified that their peers harrassed them because they were different, and retaliated out of hate and aggression. Both feelings that existed before any cops and robbers movie wer ever made, yet the news media quickly

Essay on Increasing Airline Security - 1416 Words

Increasing Airline Security Over the past five months, airline and airport security has been in the news almost daily. The events on and since September 11 have completely changed the viewpoints of many Americans, as well as the world, concerning airline security. Between the 18 suicide hijackers to Richard â€Å"the shoe bomber† Reid and the many other terrorists that lurk in the world, flying is definitely not as safe as it once was. I strongly believe that security in airports should be much more strict than it is now, even if it infringes on the people’s right to privacy. The last part of that statement is the point of clash for many people because they strongly believe in privacy rights. Before I get to why there should be†¦show more content†¦These men did not have any other luggage with them though. They used the box cutters to take over the planes and eventually crash the planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and a Pennsylvania field. A few months later, Richard Reid boarded a plane in Paris, France, headed for America with explosives in his shoes. None of the security precautions discovered the explosives. Only passengers who saw Reid trying to ignite the explosives stopped the destruction of the plane. Reid attempted to blow up this plane only one day after he was detained and extensively questioned while trying to board another plane to America. Since September 11th, many changes have been made to the security in airports, but I believe that they are not enough to keep us safe. Currently, airport security includes armed National Guard troops watching over lobbies and terminals, more checked luggage requirements, and more metal and x-ray detectors. Right after the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, every airport in America was shut down for several days and only opened with National Guard soldiers watching for suspicious behavior. But, after only a month of the extra security guards, the majority of the airports were without the Guard troops. Another precaution that airlines are currently taking includes several new checked luggage requirements. In November, Congress passed a law that requires airlines to screen all bags in fourShow MoreRelatedSong Airlines Business Case Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesSong Airlines Case Song airline was a low cost carrier subsidiary of Delta airlines that started in 2003. It was formed to compete with JetBlue and other low cost airlines for the Florida market. The market environment at the time of the case was extremely difficult with the rising costs of fuel, increasing security requirements after 9/11 and customers expectations of lower fares. It has forced many big players in the airline industry into bankruptcy. The operational costs which include gateRead MoreThe Air Transportation Stabilization Board928 Words   |  4 Pagesthese events more than the airline industry. Both the immediate reaction to the attacks and the long-term repercussions have negatively affected the industry. Today’s airline industry is much different than it was prior to September 11. There is a much smaller work force, more low-cost carriers, more security and more fees associated with flying. Directly after the terrorist attacks, the government closed airports, canceling thousands of flights at a direct cost to airlines. Passenger travel fell drasticallyRead MoreAirlines For America ( A4a )1360 Words   |  6 PagesAirlines for America (A4A) that is known as Air Transport of Association ATA). This is one of America’s largest and oldest airline trade association, and was founded in 1936. The organization played a key role in all major government decisions regarding the aviation industry since its founding, including the creation of the civil Aeronautics Board, establishment of the air traffic control system and airline deregulation (Airlines for America). Airlines for America brings many businesses, a strongRead MoreImpact Of Tourism On The Tourism Industry996 Words   |  4 PagesWord count †¢ Time frame †¢ Reliable information 2.0 The Airline Industry Sector 2.1 Intro Tourism is a driving factor in developing new technologies and modes of transport. Air travel is becoming increasingly popular due to speed and locations accessible. The airline sector encompases 2.2 Structure and basic function The basic function of the airline sector within the tourism industry is to provide access for travelers to locations. The airline industry has opened up a whole new means of travel, withRead More Airline Industry Problems and Suggested Solutions Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesAirline Industry Problems and Suggested Solutions The airline industry has over the past few months gradually been going into recession. This has been due to a number of factors, all affecting the industry in a negative manner at the same time. 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Due to the terrorist attack many airlines such as British Airways stopped flights to certain countries such as the middles eastRead MoreEssay about airport security806 Words   |  4 Pages New Airport Security Equipment and Techniques nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Flight by humans is an unnatural occurrence that our species has mastered, or at least somewhat mastered. Within the aviation industry there are inherent risks that come with operating and or flying aboard an aircraft. The predominant risk that we are talking about unfortunately is death. Because of these risks the Federal Government and their agencies must take steps to minimize this from happening. The government agencyRead MoreHandling Of Bags By Airlines Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagespassenger. Step 4 Place the luggage where directed or indicated. For some airlines and in some airports, the passengers may have to carry their luggage for a short distance up to the luggage collection area. 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Stefan’s Diaries Origins Chapter 18 Free Essays

That night, Damon invited me to play cards with some of his soldier friends, who were camped out for the moment in Leestown, twenty miles away. â€Å"I may not agree with them, but damn, can they play a good hand and drink a good pint,† Damon said. I’d found myself agreeing, eager to avoid Father and any questions about vampires. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now But by the time twilight rolled around and I hadn’t seen any sign of Katherine or Emily, I wished that I hadn’t agreed to accompany Damon. My mind was still jumbled, and I wanted a night with Katherine to reassure me that my desire was leading me in the right direction. I loved her, but the practical, sensible side of me was having trouble disobeying Father. â€Å"Ready?† Damon asked, clad in his Confederate uniform, when he stopped by my bedroom at twilight. I nodded. It was too late to say no. â€Å"Good.† He grinned and clattered down the stairs. I glanced wistfully out the window toward the carriage house, then followed him. â€Å"We’re going out to the camp,† Damon yelled as we passed by Father’s study. â€Å"Wait!† Father emerged from the study into the living room, several long branches filled with tiny, lilac-like purple flowers in his arms. Vervain. â€Å"Wear this,† he commanded, tucking a sprig into each of our breast pockets. â€Å"Y shouldn’t have, Father,† Damon said ou tersely, as he plucked the sprig out of his pocket and shoved it into his breeches pocket. â€Å"I’ve given you latitude, son, and given you a roof. Now all I ask is that you do this,† Father said, slamming his meaty fist into his palm so hard, I saw him wince. Thankfully, Damon, usually so quick to pounce at any sign of weakness, didn’t notice. â€Å"Fine, Father.† Damon shrugged easily and spread his arms as if in defeat. â€Å"I would be honored to wear your flower for you.† Father’s eyes flickered with rage, but he didn’t say anything. Instead, he simply broke off another sprig and tucked it into Damon’s coat pocket. â€Å"Thank you,† I mumbled as I accepted my own branch. My statement of thanks was less for the flower and more for Father showing mercy on Damon. â€Å"Be careful, boys,† Father said, before retreating to his study. Damon rolled his eyes as we walked outside. â€Å"Y shouldn’t be so hard on him,† I mumbled, ou shivering in the night air. The summer-like day had become a chilly fall evening, but the mist that had been everywhere last night had lifted, giving us a been everywhere last night had lifted, giving us a crystal-clear view of the moon. â€Å"Why not? He’s hard on us.† Damon snorted as he led the way to the stable. Mezzanotte and Jake were already bridled and stamping their hooves impatiently. â€Å"I had Alfred get everything ready. Thought we’d need a quick getaway.† Damon swung his leg over Jake’s back, then galloped him down the path and turned in the direction opposite of town. We rode in silence for at least a half hour. With just the sound of the hooves and the sight of the moon peeking through the dense foliage, it felt like we were riding into a dream. Finally, we began to hear sounds of flutes playing and laughter and the occasional gunshot. Damon directed us up over a hill toward a clearing. Tents were set up all over, and a piper played in the corner. Men were walking around, and dogs were stationed at the entrance. It was as if we’d arrived at a mysterious, hidden party. â€Å"Hello, sir?† Two Confederate soldiers came up to us, their rifles pointed toward us. Mezzanotte took a few steps back and whinnied nervously. â€Å"Soldier Damon Salvatore, sir! Here on leave from General Groom’s camp down in Atlanta.† Immediately, the two soldiers relaxed their rifles and tipped their hats at us. â€Å"Sorry ’bout that, soldier. We’re gearin’ up for battle, and we’re losing our men like flies, before they even hit the battlefield,† the taller soldier said, stepping up to pat Jake. â€Å"Y and not because of typhus,† the other, es, smaller, mustachioed soldier said, obviously pleased to share this information with us. â€Å"Killings?† Damon asked tersely. â€Å"How’d you know?† the first guard asked, stroking his rifle. I glanced at the ground, unsure what to do. I felt that Damon was getting us into a dangerous situation, but I didn’t know what I could do to fix it. â€Å"My brother and I are coming from Mystic Falls,† Damon said, jerking his thumb back as if to prove that was the direction we came from. â€Å"The next town over, past the forest. We’ve had some of our own trouble. People are saying it’s some type of animal.† â€Å"Not unless it’s an animal that only goes for the throat and leaves the rest of the body untouched,† the mustachioed soldier said knowledgeably, his tiny eyes flicking back and forth between us. â€Å"Hmm,† Damon said, sounding suddenly uninterested. But then he changed the subject. â€Å"Any good games of poker going on tonight?† â€Å"Right there in that clearing by the oak trees.† The small soldier pointed a little ways off into the distance. â€Å"Have a good evening, then. I thank you for your help,† Damon said with exaggerated politeness. We walked in the direction the soldier pointed, until Damon stopped abruptly at a small circle of soldiers, huddled around a fire and playing cards. â€Å"Hello! Soldier Damon Salvatore on leave from General Groom’s boys,† Damon said confidently as he slid off his horse and glanced around the faces lit up by the campfire. â€Å"This is my brother, Stefan. Can we be dealt in?† One ginger-haired soldier glanced at an older, grand-fatherly type whose arm was in a sling. He shrugged and gestured for us to sit on one of the logs set up around the fire. â€Å"Don’t see why not.† Adrenaline seeped through my veins as we settled down and took our hands. Mine was good: two aces and a king. I immediately threw in some rumpled notes from my pocket, making a bet with myself. If I won money, then everything would be fine with Katherine. And if I didn’t, then †¦ well, I didn’t want to think about it. â€Å"All in,† I said confidently. After we settled the game, I wasn’t surprised to emerge as the victor. I smiled as I took the pile of money and carefully put it in my pocket. I grinned in relief, finally feeling sure in my love for Katherine. I imagined what Katherine would say. Smart Stefan, maybe. Savvy Stefan. Or maybe she’d simply laugh, showing her white teeth, and allow me to take her into my arms and twirl her around and around the room†¦. We played several more hands after that, during which I lost the money I had won, but I didn’t care. The first hand had been the test, and now my heart and mind felt remarkably light. â€Å"What are you thinking?† Damon asked, taking a flask from his pocket. He held it toward me, and I took a long swig. The whiskey burned going down my throat, but I still craved more. It didn’t seem that any of the other soldiers were up for another hand. The five we were playing with had drifted off to chew tobacco, drink more whiskey, or tearfully talk about their sweethearts back home. â€Å"Come on, brother, you can tell me,† Damon encouraged. He took the flask, swigged from it, then passed it back toward me. I took another, deeper drink and paused. Should I tell him? Any hesitation I had earlier had disappeared. After all, he was my brother. â€Å"Well, I was thinking about how different Katherine is than any other girl I’ve met †¦,† I began evasively. I knew I was treading into dangerous territory, but part of me was dying to know whether Damon also knew Katherine’s secret. I took another sip of whiskey and coughed. â€Å"How’s she different?† Damon asked, a smile curving on his lips. â€Å"Well, I mean she’s not,† I said, sobering up as I frantically tried to backtrack. â€Å"I just meant that I noticed that she is–† noticed that she is–â€Å" â€Å"That she’s a vampire?† Damon interrupted. My breath caught in my throat, and I blinked. I glanced around nervously. People were drinking, laughing, counting their winnings. But Damon was simply sitting there, the same smile on his lips. I couldn’t understand how he was smiling. And then a new, darker thought appeared in my mind. How did Damon know that Katherine was who she was? Had she told him? And had it been the same way, in the misty predawn, in bed? I shuddered. â€Å"So she’s a vampire. What of it? She’s still Katherine.† Damon turned to look at me, urgency in his dark-brown eyes. â€Å"And you won’t say anything to Father. He’s half crazy as it is,† Damon said as he scuffed his boot against the ground. â€Å"How did you find out?† I couldn’t stop myself from asking. Suddenly, a shot was fired. â€Å"Soldier down!† a uniformed boy who looked to be about fourteen yelled as he charged from tent to tent. â€Å"Soldier down! Attack! Out into the woods!† Damon’s face paled. â€Å"I need to help. Y little ou, brother, go home.† â€Å"Are you sure?† I asked, feeling torn and suddenly frightened. Damon nodded tersely. â€Å"If Father asks, I drank too much at the saloon and am sleeping it off somewhere.† Another shot was fired, and Damon took off into the woods, blending into the sea of soldiers. â€Å"Go!† Damon yelled. I ran in the opposite direction to the now-abandoned camp and dug my heels into Mezzanotte, whispering in her velvety ears and imploring her to go faster. Mezzanotte rode through the forest faster than she ever had before; once across the Wickery Bridge, she turned, as if she knew exactly how to head home. But then she reared and whinnied. I held on with my thighs and saw a shadowy figure with golden-brown hair, arm-in-arm with another girl. I stiffened. No women would be out after dark unaccompanied by a man in the best of circumstances, but definitely not in these times. Not with the vampire attacks. The face turned, and in the reflection on the water I saw a pale, pointed face. Katherine. She was escorting little Anna from the apothecary. All I could see were the dark vines of Anna’s curls, bouncing over her shoulders. â€Å"Katherine!† I yelled from the horse, with a strength I did not know I possessed. Now, instead of wanting to hold her, I wanted to use my arms to restrain her, to make her stop carrying out the awful thing she was about to do. I felt bile rise in my throat as I imagined finding a jagged branch and ramming it into her chest. Katherine didn’t turn around. She held Anna’s shoulders tighter and led her into the forest. I kicked Mezzanotte hard on the flanks, the wind whipping against my face as I desperately tried to catch up with them. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 18, Essay examples

Gender and Social Economic Variation

Question: Discuss about theGender and Social Economic Variation. Answer: Introduction The aim of this research proposal is to develop an understanding the expenditure pattern concerning gender and social economic variation. The research proposal provides an outline about the expenditure incurred by a household during the preference period. The proposal examines the age structure of the gender gap in household expenditure allocation by making the use of survey data. The investment motive hypothesis upholds that resources are allocated to household members. Intra-household gender dissimilarities in health expenditures could be determined by gender dissimilarities in the value of male and female health in household production.[1] Higher health expenditures are received by women of childbearing as well as motherly ages. Efforts were also made in this proposal to classify households into diverse socio-economic categories by making the use of three dissimilar characteristics. The characteristics include social group, the type of household as well as size class of land posse ssed by the household. The literature mainly focuses on gender-specific motivation for allowances. As a result, women seem to function as insurers for the families. [2] Literature Review A review of accessible literature associated to the subject is an important as well as essential part of any research study. Objectives and methodology will be framed with the help of a decisive survey of the literature. As opined by [3], international migrants moves from developing to developed countries and they get familiar with a diverse society as well as new markets in the target countries. It has been found that allowance receipt raises the household expenditure on both health and education. However, an allowance reduces liquidity constraints. Investment motive mainly constitutes a reasonable explanation for gender differences in household expenditure. Intra-household gender differences in expenditure could be determined by gender differences in the value of male and female health in household production. As opined by [4], the two largest colonies NSW and Victoria established universities with a restricted range of disciplines. The strong worldly nature of the society in Australia discouraged the involvement of the university in the education of clergy. However, the universities in Australia moved relatively in order to enroll females. As a result, they got admission into Melbourne as well as Sydney university. The educational system was characterized by dissimilarity between academic and professional education. The initial gender breakdown of students enrolled at universities when the population was 7 million. However, out of 7 million individuals 14,236 were enrolled out of which 28 percent were females. Women born and hoisted in an era when female workforce participation rates and female wages were comparatively low might have predicted that they would not themselves be participating in the labor force for long. As a result, expenditure on higher education will bring inadequate return to cover the costs. Gender wage gaps has also reduced over the past few decades. However, from the middle of the twentieth century led to the right of entry to Australian universities that in turn extended the introduction of mass secondary school education as well as the expansion of the number of universities. With the expansion of the academic specialization, the curriculum also increased. As a result, gender stereotypes eroded. This reduced market explicit discrimination against females. As a result, women acknowledged improved career opportunities. The increasing expectation of labor force participation as well as reduction in the gender pay gap encouraged females to expend more in higher education. As a result, the economy has continued to restructure and labor demand has risen in professional occupation as well as service industries. Total household consumption in Australia is recorded to be more than 50 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, it has been found that considerable gender discrimination is mostly found in health care spending for children while the households face resources shortage. The universities in Australia vary greatly in the proportion of students from low socio economic backgrounds. [5] As opined by [6], the proportion of enrolment of low socio economic students lies in the policies that are obtainable for universities in order to augment the proportion of low SES students that they admit. Despite the unpretentious increase over the last ten years, the individuals from lower socio economic status stay underrepresented among advanced educated students. it has been found that with the gender gap among domestic students, the gap has widened by almost 20 percent. However, as per the records it has been found that the gender gap is mainly broadening due to lack of men at the university. However, as per the research the number of females had jumped to 129,045 from 79,222 that accounts for 63 percent of the increase. With each passing year, the gap has narrowed with females achieving 52 percent of course completion as compared to 48 percent of males. The research also shows that the higher education sectors in Australia have undergone an expansion in the number of students . The socio-economic status students in the university of Australia increased by 17 percent in the year 2012 and 17.5 percent in the year 2013. [7] It has been found that only 16.1 percent of domestic higher educated students have an enduring home address among 25 percent lowest socioeconomic postcodes. The augment in the percentage of students from low socioeconomic areas have increased steadily over the phased accomplishment of demand driven financial support since the year 2010. The native population has been found underrepresented. As per the survey that has been conducted, it is found that there has been an incomplete closing of the gap in higher education contribution in recent years. The percentage of students who are found to be native has increased by more than 1.2 percent. [8] Research Question The prime objective of this research proposal is to determine thestudy of expenditure pattern of students with regarding to gender and social economic variation. It is mainly a multidimensional issue that is deeply embedded. How the diminishing gender gaps encourage women to spend more on higher education? What are the recommendations that will help to improve the socioeconomic variation in Australia? Hypothesis H0: Expenditure pattern of students is negative about gender and social economic variation H1: Expenditure pattern of students is positive about gender and social economic variation Research Methodology The research methodology requires congregation of relevant data from particular documents. It is mainly a systematic plan that helps to conduct the research. The methodology comprises interviews as well as surveys and technical research. The research methodology mainly comprises of two methods that includes qualitative as well as quantitative method. The research method that is used in the proposal is quantitative method that emphasizes on objective measurement as well as the statistical and mathematical analysis of data that are collected mainly through polls, questionnaires as well as surveys. The data is mostly collected by making the use of structured research instruments. [9] Research Philosophy: Research philosophy is an enormous topic that incurs a method by which data about a phenomenon is gathered as well as analyzed. The various philosophies of research approach is included by both epistemology as well as doxology. [10]In order to conduct the research philosophy it is important to include the following steps: It is required to identify the research philosophy that will be pragmatism, positivism as well as realism. It is also required to discuss the implication about the research philosophy on the research strategy. Positivism According to the positivist, the reality is stable that can be observed as well as described from the objective perspective. Positivism deals without interfering with the occurrence being considered. They also challenge the fact that phenomena should be inaccessible. Under positivism, prophecies are made based on the previously observed realism and their inter-relationships. Positivism has a long as well as rich historical tradition. It is so entrenched that knowledge is not claimed as grounded. Interpretivism Interpretivism is also referred to as interpretivist that mainly involves researchers to construe elements of the study. It is also associated with the philosophical position of impracticality that is used to group diverse approaches jointly. This approach is also based on naturalistic approach of data collection such as interviews. Interpretivism philosophy had helped secondary data research to become popular. However, there are disadvantage that are related with interpretivism, as it cannot simplify data that is impacted heavily by individual point of view as well as values. [11] Deductive Approach This type of approach is mainly concerned with developing a hypothesis that is mainly based on the existing theory. As a result, it is important to make use of this approach to conduct the research. This approach can be explained by the method of hypothesis that is derived from the ratio of the hypothesis. [12] Data Collection and Analysis Methods As the proposal is mainly based on the secondary analysis, all the required economical data will be collected directly from the official website of Australian Bureau of Statistics. With the help of this website, the researcher will focus on how gender gap affects expenditure. The data analysis will also involve statistical analysis that will be assessed by making the use of correlation among the variables. The changes in the variables are mainly depicted with the help of correlation series. However, one of the most important feature of accrual accounting is negative correlation. [13] Gantt Chart A Gantt chart is mainly used in the management of project. Gantt chart is one of the most common as well as useful is used to display activity against time. A bar represents each activity and the position of the bar reflects the start date. Task Start Date Duration (weeks) End Date Project Proposal 21-Jul 3 10-Aug Literature Review 4-Oct 9 4-Dec Research Methodology 5-Feb 8 29-Mar Data Analysis 1-Mar 4 31-Mar Final Report Submission 1-Apr 4 30-Apr The most important task of the research is to prepare the project proposal. After conducting the outline of the research, the work related to research will be started. The subject matter requires being clear to the researcher after conducting the research. The Gantt chart is conducted to show the estimated time for each task. The above graph shows that the estimated time differs from the original time. The present research proposal requires secondary research that incurs less time as compared to primary research. [14] Description of the Research Process There are various methods that are used while the collection of data in this proposal. The secondary method has been used by collecting data from Australian Bureau of Statistics. Apart from these sources, the data has also been collected from newspapers, sources, books as well as journals. While the data collection both the qualitative and the quantitative methods can be used. The research will find out that how gender gap affects expenditure and how the socioeconomic variation is impacted due to expenditure pattern in Australia. Expected Outcome Expected outcome of this research socioeconomic students have modest impact on the performance of the university. It has been found that the students with lower socioeconomic variation have performed marginally better than their peers from the students with higher socioeconomic variation. In the academic outcome, a legion of women mostly outperforms the legion of men. References 6, Perri, and Christine Bellamy., 'Principles of Methodology: Research Design in Social Science', Anonymous Translator(, Los Angeles, SAGE, 2012;2011;). Baker, H. Kent, and John R. Nofsinger., 'Robert W. Kolb Series: Socially Responsible Finance and Investing : Financial Institutions, Corporations, Investors, and Activists (1)', Anonymous Translator(, Wiley, 2012). Biddle, Nicholas, and John Taylor. 'Demographic Consequences of the 'Closing the Gap' Indigenous Policy in Australia',Population Research and Policy Review,vol. 31/no. 4, (2012), pp. 571-585. Boonstra, Sheri Klug, and Philip Christensen. 'Mars Student Imaging Project: Real Research by Secondary Students',Science,vol. 339/no. 6122, (2013), pp. 920. Caddy, Ian. 'Remuneration and Gender in Australia: Background Review and Recent Analysis',International Employment Relations Review,vol. 19/no. 2, (2013), pp. 38-61. Charlesworth, S., and F. Macdonald. 'Australia's Gender Pay Equity Legislation: How New, how Different, what Prospects?',Cambridge Journal of Economics,vol. 39/no. 2, (2015), pp. 421-440 Fu, Jun, Jinzhao Wu, and Hongyan Tan. 'A Deductive Approach Towards Reasoning about Algebraic Transition Systems',Mathematical Problems in Engineering,vol. 2015/(2015), pp. 1-12 Iizuka, Cristina A., Paula M. Barrett, Robyn Gillies, et al. 'Preliminary Evaluation of the Friends for Life Program on Students' and Teachers' Emotional States for a School in a Low Socio-Economic Status Area',Australian Journal of Teacher Education (Online),vol. 40/no. 3, (2015), pp. 1-20. Mecatti, Fulvia, Franca Crippa, and Patrizia Farina. 'A Special Gen(d)Re of Statistics: Roots, Development and Methodological Prospects of Gender Statistics',International Statistical Review,vol. 80/no. 3, (2012), pp. 452-467. Mkansi, Marcia, and Edwin Asiamah Acheampong. 'Research Philosophy Debates and Classifications: Students' Dilemma',Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods,vol. 10/no. 2, (2012), pp. 132. New C Reactive Protein Findings from University of Western Australia Outlined (Gender and the Active Smoking and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Relation in Late Adolescence)',Life Science Weekly,(2015), pp. 3361. O'Reilly, J., M. Smith, S. Deakin, et al. 'Equal Pay as a Moving Target: International Perspectives on Forty-Years of Addressing the Gender Pay Gap',Cambridge Journal of Economics,vol. 39/no. 2, (2015), pp. 299-317. Tam, Siu-Ming, and Frederic Clarke. 'Big Data, Official Statistics and some Initiatives by the Australian Bureau of Statistics: Big Data and the ABS1',International Statistical Review,(2015), pp. n/a. Weller, Patrick. 'Anticipating Interpretivism: Heclo and Wildavsky as Pioneers?: Anticipating Interpretivism',Australian Journal of Public Administration,vol. 73/no. 3, (2014), pp. 331-339

Web Portal Essay Example

Web Portal Essay Automatic Identification of Temporal Information in Tourism Web Pages Stephanie Weiser*, Philippe Laublet**, Jean-Luc Minel* * MoDyCo, UMR 7114, CNRS 200 avenue de la Republique, 92001 Nanterre ** LaLIC, Universite Paris-Sorbonne Maison de la recherche, 28 rue Serpente 75006 Paris E-mail: steph. [emailprotected] com, Philippe. [emailprotected] fr, [emailprotected] fr Abstract This paper presents our work on the detection of temporal information in web pages. The pages examined within the scope of this study were taken from the tourism sector and the temporal information in question is thus particular to this area.The differences that exist between extraction from plain textual data and extraction from the web are brought to light. These differences mainly concern the spatial arrangement of the text, the use of punctuation and the respect of traditional syntactic rules. The temporal expressions to be extracted are classified into two kinds: temporal information that concerns one parti cular event and repetitive temporal information. We adopt a symbolic approach relying on patterns and rules for the detection, extraction and annotation of temporal expressions; our method is based on the use of transducers.First evaluations have shown promising results. Since the visual structure of a web page is very important and often informs the user before he has even read the text, a semiotic study is also presented in this paper. 1. Introduction With the methods of the Semantic Web, portal applications can be created, relying on ontologies. For these applications and many service applications, temporal information is often essential. For example, a tourism web portal would need information about the type of tourism object and its location in time and space.In addition, the extracted information must be stored in the knowledge base according to the ontology used by the application. In this paper we will focus on temporal information in tourism web pages. The temporal informat ion has to be detected, extracted and annotated. The annotation format will probably rely on existing XML tools (Stern 2007). To perform these tasks, we encountered three main kinds of difficulties. First, we have to deal with complex, imprecise temporal information. Of course, single dates are easy to process but more complex expressions, such as periods or repetitive information (e. . from March to July, open every day except Tuesday), must be treated as well. Second, after being extracted, the information needs to be linked to the proper tourism object. If the web page concerns only one object, this is straightforward, but some web pages concern many objects and an analysis is therefore necessary to decide how to link each piece of information to its object. Third, the web pages we deal with are all of the same type: tourism web pages. However, they vary a lot as they are made by different people, have different forms and concern different types of tourism objects.We will try to show that a semiotic study of some pages is necessary to take into account some of their specificities. The work presented in this paper is situated within the framework of the EIFFEL project. Its main objective is to create a portal in the area of tourism with different functionalities. This portal, for use by the local tourism sector, will include a specialised search engine. It will allow users to find and collect precise and essential information in context. It will also help the territory as a French region to promote its services. This is a wideranging project (Noel et al. 008) which is based on web semantic technologies, knowledge representation and linguistic methods and expertise. It includes automatic identification, selection and extraction of various items from the Web according to existing ontologies. This project involves mainly two companies – Mondeca and Antidot – and three laboratories – LIRMM (CNRS), INRIA-Rocquencourt and MoDyCo (CNRS). Our co rpus, meaning that the pages have been collected for this particular study, in a precise context, is composed of more than 5000 tourism web pages in French. These pages were collected by automatic crawling of websites.They were collected by the company Antidot and transformed into XML files in order to make them more suitable for automatic processing. 2. Temporal Information in Web Pages The detection and extraction of temporal information is a subject that has already been widely studied (Battistelli et al. 2006), but mostly in the context of â€Å"printed textual objects† and not in texts specifically written for web pages. One of the aims of this paper is to show that studying the same type of temporal information is very different when it takes place in a web context.In tourist guide books, for example, the information is a lot more structured and standardized than on our web sites, which are extremely diverse and do not follow a 127 common page model. Every entry of a gu ide concerning a particular tourism object is often structured in the same way and contains the same type of information. Linguistic markers allow us to locate each piece of information. Punctuation is very rigorous and facilitates interpretation, especially automatic interpretation. On the other hand, on web pages, punctuation – if there is any – is rarely correctly used.More often, white spaces or new lines are used as separators. Even if the analysis of a text is not easy, a lot of syntactic tools already exist to perform this task automatically. For example, it is possible to build the syntactic tree of a given sentence, find the verb, etc. However, some complicated tasks, such as anaphora resolution, can make the analysis of texts a lot more complex. What we are interested in here is that the difficulties that are encountered for web pages are very different from those that text analysis presents.For example, in a tourism guide book1, each restaurant entry is stru ctured in the same way: name, address, phone number, metro station and opening details, e. g. ouvert tous les jours (open every day). Each item can easily be automatically processed. The problem is that, on a web page, the same kind of information would more likely look like the web page presented in figure 1. integrating temporal and spatial reasoning into XML query and transformation operations. Their work has lead to WebCal, a program which provides calendrical calculations for web services. 3. Tool and Method for the Temporal Expression DetectionWe have a symbolic approach relying on patterns and rules for the detection, extraction and annotation of temporal expressions (in French). We do not use any machine learning techniques. Our method relies on the use of transducers, created using the graphical interface of the Unitex corpus processor2. Unitex provides an intuitive and user-friendly method for creating transducers, which tag the output (as opposed to regular expressions wh ich do not modify the output). A wide variety of patterns can be recognized and tagged by our transducers, from very simple expressions to very complex ones.On one hand, generalizations can be made (such as using the symbol to tag all numbers). On the other hand, the transducers can be very detailed and precise for particular cases, for example, to recognize expressions such as a lexception du mois de mai – except in May. Here are a few examples of the expressions to be detected: (1) Le 21 avril April, the 21st (2) Du 10 au 21 mars From the 10th to the 21st of March (3) Du lundi au vendredi, 9h – 11h From Monday to Friday, 9am-11am (4) Inauguration du musee le 7 juillet 2006 Inauguration of the museum on the 7th of July 2006 (5) En Juillet et Aout ouvert tous les jours.Hors cette periode, fermeture le mercredi soir, le jeudi toute la journee et le dimanche soir. Horaires douverture: de 12h00 a 14h00 de 19h00 a 22h00. Open every day in July and August. Outside this peri od, closed on Wednesday night, all day Thursday and on Sunday night. Opening times: from noon to 2pm from 7pm to 10pm. Figure 1: Example For now, there is no tool able to interpret that Chez Paul et Bernadette Colas is the name of a Bed Breakfast or that Ouvert du 15 fevrier au 30 (open from February 15th to 30th) is its opening information.This is why the extraction of temporal information from texts can not be directly applied for Web pages: there is no standardized â€Å"syntax† for web pages. Our work is close to that of (Tenier et al. 2006). The object of their work is to extract, from web pages, information about contributors to scientific events. Our approach is more general since the web pages analyzed by these authors follow spatial arrangement rules while spatial arrangement on our pages is completely free. Our work is also close to that of (Bry et al. 2003) who aim at 1 3. 1. ClassificationAs shown in these examples, the type of temporal information to be identifi ed varies. Two main types can be highlighted: temporal information that concerns one particular event and repetitive temporal information. For the first type there are dates (concert on October 1st), periods (festival from May to June), and times (the concert starts at 8:00). For the second there are times (the museum opens at 10am), periods (the restaurant is open from Monday to Saturday) and exceptions (the camping ground is open all year long except in January). More complex examples, such as from MarchLe guide du routard – Paris balades 2007 p. 231 :  « Le SaintAmour 2, av. Gambetta, 75020. 01-47-97-20-15. Metro PereLachaise. Ouvert tous les jours  » (Open every day) 2 Unitex: http://www-igm. univ-mlv. fr/~unitex 128 to July, open every day except Tuesday, can also be included in this classification. In addition, not every occurrence of temporal information needs to be detected, since they do not necessarily concern a tourism object. For example, a single date, which is not introduced by a linguistic marker such as heure douverture (opening time) probably does not concern a tourism object.Single dates like these often concern the web page itself as in Derniere modification : 25/10/2006 (last modification : 25/10/2006). Therefore, we have been careful not to detect these dates. One problem that has been encountered is that some lexical marks are ambiguous. For example is Friday and Sunday night to be interpreted as meaning Friday night and Saturday night, or rather Friday all day and Saturday night? The context is therefore necessary to remove the ambiguity. For this example, if the object is a concert, the first interpretation will probably be the right one.For the whole corpus of 100 pages, we obtain a recall rate of 92% and a precision of 76%. Figure 2: Recall for the first evaluation 3. 2. Technical Information The tool Unitex, which uses dictionaries based on the tables of the LADL3, allows the user to process corpora on the lexical, syntact ic and morphological levels. It allows for the identification and tagging of structures which correspond to regular expressions, represented by finite state graphs. This graphical representation makes using Unitex more intuitive than the use of long regular expressions.We built our transducers using this tool, following the linguistic study that listed the patterns of temporal expressions that could be found on web pages. The set of transducers includes one main transducer and 23 secondary graphs. These transducers include 88 lexical markers (like ouverture – opening, mars – March, inauguration) and 22 grammatical markers (like sur – on, le – the, dans – in). Figure 3: Precision for the first evaluation The important variation in the results is due to the fact that there are not a lot of temporal expressions to detect in the pages (7 for sets 1 and 3, 9 for set 2, 20 for set 4 and 8 for set 5).The precision for set 5 is especially low because one p age contains a forum with 4 temporal expressions that are detected but do not concern a tourism object. 4. Evaluations 4. 1. First Evaluation The transducers allowing the detection of temporal information were manually created from a study of a set of pages. In order to evaluate and optimise them, we tested them on sets of 20 web pages, randomly manually selected from our corpus. This operation was performed five times and the transducers have thus been tested on 100 different pages. The results of this experiment are presented in the diagrams below.Recall and precision were calculated for each set of 20 pages (figure 2 and figure 3). 4. 2. Second Evaluation A different procedure was used for the second evaluation. We deliberately manually selected 25 pages containing temporal information. Some of these pages were randomly opened and selected when they were found to contain temporal information; for the others our transducers were applied to more than 200 pages and those with result s were selected. For these 25 pages, the recall is 39,1% and the precision is 46,5%. Here are a few numbers to explain these figures. These pages contain 69 expressions to detect.The transducers match and tag 58 expressions: 27 are correctly detected, 3 are falsely detected (they should not be detected because they do not correspond to temporal tourism information), 28 expressions are incompletely detected and 25 expressions are missed. We are faced with two kinds of incomplete expressions. In the first kind a part of the expression is not matched, Laboratoire d’Automatique Documentaire et Linguistique – the tables were created by Maurice Gross and consist in a classification of lexical units according to syntactic and distributional criteria. 3 129 or example in toute la journee de 8h00 a 19h00 (all day long from 8:00am to 7:00pm), only the underlined part is detected. In the second kind of incomplete expressions, each pattern to be matched is detected in two or more matches, for example ouvert tous les jours en juillet et aout (open every day in July and August) is detected in two matches. 16 of the 28 incomplete expressions produced by our system correspond in fact to 5 correct expressions. Horaires Lundi Mardi Mercredi Jeudi Vendredi Samedi Matin 8h30-12h00 8h30-12h00 8h30-12h00 8h30-12h00 8h30-12h00 10h00-11h30Ap-midi 14h00-18h00 14h00-18h00 14h00-18h00 14h00-18h00 14h00- Figure 5: vertical table of opening times A human user would understand both of these tables without the slightest problem. For an automatic treatment, however, it is more complicated. If we do not look at the structure, but only at the text, the first table would then contain â€Å"Horaires lundi mardi mercredi jeudi vendredi samedi matin 08h30 12h00 08h30 12h00 08h30 12h00 08h30 12h00 08h30 12h00 10h00 11h30 ap. midi 14h00 18h00 14h00 18h00 14h00 18h00 14h00 18h00 14h00 †: a text flow that is incomprehensible.The second table would contain â€Å"Horaires Matin Ap-midi Lundi 8h30-12h00 14h0018h00 Mardi 8h30-12h00 14h00-18h00 Mercredi 8h3012h00 14h00-18h00 Jeudi 8h30-12h00 14h00-18h00 Vendredi 8h30-12h00 14h00 – Samedi 10h00-11h30 † it is clearer but it is very different from the text of the first one, for exactly the same meaning. Technical tools that allow a specific markup for headers in the table exist. But the web pages of our corpus are mostly built by professionals from the tourism sector and not by professional web designers: they do not use these technical tools.Consequently, only graphical elements and lexical content allow interpretation of these kinds of tables. In order to take into account these semiotic marks in automatic processing, the structure of the pages must be studied. An analysis of the XML tree is therefore necessary (Tenier et al. 2006). The high number of missed expressions is due to the fact that isolated dates without context are voluntarily ignored in order to avoid incorrect detections (li ke in derniere modification : 25 avril 2006 – last modification: April the 25th 2006).Some pages presenting an event schedule contain more than 10 dates without context that are therefore not detected. 22 out of the 25 missed expressions are concerned by this problem, which will be solved in the near future. 5. The Semiotic Marks For now, only textual information is taken into account, but a web page presents information in many other ways. The visual structure of a web page often informs the user before he has even read the text. For example, the structure could allow him to understand that the page concern one single object and not a collection of objects.In the same way, the formatting style (font, size, colour) can be very meaningful since it can often be assumed that two items written in the same font and colour are linked. One difficulty lies in automatically interpreting these semiotic marks. Many things are understandable at first sight for a human being but are hard to specify for automatic processing. On web pages, tables are commonly used to present information. They need a special treatment since their interpretation is not straightforward. 6. Conclusion In this paper we have presented our work on the detection of temporal information in web pages.We have focused on the differences that exist between extraction from plain textual data and extraction from the web. In addition, we introduced our main linguistic resource, our transducers, which could be used for many different NLP applications. We also presented the results obtained in applying these transducers to our corpus. The transducers that have been presented will be improved. They will be enriched with information concerning the type of tourism object, in order to determine the links between the temporal information detected and what they refer to.The work on semiotic marks will be continued in order to implement the study of the structure of the pages, analysing XML trees. Figure 4: O pening times table The figure 4 is an example of a table of opening times found on a web page. The first row contains the names of the days, the second row contains the opening times in the mornings and the last row contains the opening times in the afternoons. The information could have been presented in a vertical table as the one shown in figure 5: 130 7. Acknowledgements The project EIFFEL (ANR-05-RNTL-007) is funded with an ANR grant. .References Battistelli, D. , Minel, J. -L. , Schwer, S. (2006). Representation des expressions calendaires dans les textes : une application a la lecture assistee de biographies, Traitement Automatique des Langues, 47, 3, pp. 126. Bry, F. Lorenz, B. Ohlbach, H. J. Spranger, S. (2003). On Reasoning on Time and Location on the Web, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Germany, pp. 6983. Noel, L. , Carloni, O. , Moreau, N. , Weiser, S. (2008). Designing a Knowledge-Based Tourism Information System, Int. 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